
The auction held by Polskie Sieci Elektroenergetyczne S.A. (PSE – an electricity transmission system operator in Poland and the sole operator of the country's high-voltage transmission lines, 100 percent owned by the State Treasury) on December 12, 2024, ended in the seventh Dutch auction round with a strike price of PLN 264.90/kW/year for Polish physical units and 247.87 PLN/kW/year for foreign physical units in the synchronous profile zone. [pdf]

Based on cycling requirements, three applications are most suitable for second-life EV batteries: providing reserve energy capacity to maintain a utility’s power reliability at lower cost by displacing more expensive and less efficient assets (for instance, old combined-cycle gas turbines), deferring transmission and distribution investments, and taking advantage of power-arbitrage opportunities by storing renewable power for use during periods of scarcity, thus providing greater grid flexibility and firming to the grid. [pdf]

The first battery, Volta’s cell, was developed in 1800. 2 The U.S. pioneered large-scale energy storage with the Rocky River Pumped Storage plant in 1929. 3 Energy storage research accelerated dramatically 2 after the 1970s oil crisis, 4 driving significant improvements in battery cost and performance. 5 Energy storage is a critical component for current and future sustainable energy grids. 6 [pdf]

In this in-depth guide, we will delve into the concepts of batteries in series and parallel at the same time, how to connect them, the differences between these arrangements, the advantages, and disadvantages, their application in energy storage, precautions, design considerations, optimization techniques, and a detailed FAQ section to address common queries. [pdf]
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